scanf in c language
`scanf` ek C Language function hai jo program mein input (user se) lena aur usse variable mein store karna possible banata hai.
`scanf` function standard input (usually, keyboard se aata hai) se data read karta hai aur ise specified variable mein
store karta hai. `scanf` ka basic syntax is tarah ka hota hai:
```c
scanf("format_specifier", &variable);
```
Yahan `format_specifier` variable ke data type ke anuroop hota hai, jaise `%d` integer ke liye, `%f` float ke liye, `%c` character ke liye, aur `%s` string ke liye. `&variable` variable ka address hota hai, jo `scanf` ko ye batata hai ki data ko kis variable mein store karna hai.
Yahan ek kuch examples hain `scanf` ke istemal se user se input lene ke liye:
1. **Integer Input:**
```c
int num;
printf("Enter an integer: ");
scanf("%d", &num);
```
2. **Float Input:**
```c
float price;
printf("Enter a float number: ");
scanf("%f", &price);
```
3. **Character Input:**
```c
char grade;
printf("Enter a character: ");
scanf(" %c", &grade); // Note: Ek space (' ') format specifier ke pehle lagaya jata hai.
```
4. **String Input:**
```c
char name[50]; // Maximum string length 50 characters
printf("Enter your name: ");
scanf("%s", name); // scanf automatically space, tab, ya newline tak hi input le lega.
```
Aap `scanf` ka istemal karke user se multiple inputs bhi le sakte hain, jaise ki:
```c
int num1, num2;
printf("Enter two integers: ");
scanf("%d %d", &num1, &num2);
```
`scanf` ke istemal se input lena simple hai, lekin dhyan mein rakhein ki input format ke saath match karna zaroori hai. Invalid input ke case mein program ka behavior unpredictable ho sakta hai.
Isliye, user-friendly error handling bhi consider karna important hai jab aap `scanf` ka istemal karte hain.